A survey on recent Progress on Monte Carlo simulation methods in radiation detection

Monte Carlo Simulations are methods used to simulate physical systems and evaluate physical properties that are extremely difficult to execute in real life. It is used as a golden standard tool for modeling complex radiation interactions with materials and for modeling complex detectors geometries. Such simulation methods designed for different particles transports such as protons, neutrons, and gamma-rays. In this review, we will focus on recent literature on using Monte Carlo Simulation in detecting radiations, focusing on GEANT, MCNP, and EGS toolkits highlighting their unique capabilities in simulating various particles and geometries with high accuracy, as well as recent advancements in enhancing their performance including high-performance computing integration, variance reduction techniques, and hybrid modeling approaches that combine Monte Carlo simulations with deterministic or AI-based techniques. The review outlines recent Monte Carlo simulation applications such as medical physics, particle physics, and environmental monitoring, underlining the adaptability and future potentials of Monte Carlo simulation in advanced radiation detection systems.