Thermoresponsive propolis gel for gingival wound healing post-depigmentation: A prospective clinical study

Introduction: Gingival hyperpigmentation, although benign, often presents esthetic concerns that can influence self-esteem. Laser-assisted depigmentation has emerged as a preferred technique, because of its precision and minimal invasiveness. However, optimizing post-surgical healing remains a clinical priority. This study evaluated the efficacy of a novel thermoresponsive, propolis-based in situ gel in enhancing soft tissue healing after standardized laser depigmentation procedures. Methods: A prospective, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted among 66 healthy individuals 15-30 years of age undergoing diode laser gingival depigmentation limited to the maxillary anterior labial gingiva (canine to canine). All procedures were standardized and performed by a single calibrated clinician. Participants were randomly allocated into two groups: a test group receiving a propolis-based in situ gel and a control group receiving a placebo gel devoid of active ingredients. The gel demonstrated sustained release, mucoadhesive, and thermoresponsive properties, and was evaluated for its physical stability and in vitro release profile. Healing was clinically assessed with Landry's Healing Index at the end of the first, second, and third postoperative weeks. Post-operative discomfort was recorded with the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Data were statistically analyzed with a significance level set at p < 0.05. Results: The test group showed significantly improved healing scores at all evaluation points than the control group (p < 0.01). VAS scores indicated comparable post-operative discomfort between groups, indicating the treatment's favorable tolerability. The formulation maintained stability, mucoadhesiveness, and sustained drug release over 12 h. Conclusion: Our thermoresponsive propolis-based in situ gel is a safe and effective adjunct for promoting soft tissue healing after laser gingival depigmentation. Its ease of use and clinical benefits support its broader application in periodontal and oral soft tissue procedures.