Three-year outcomes after cyanoacrylate closure of superficial truncal veins: A single-center practice cohort study

Objective To evaluate mid-term durability, clinical outcomes, and patient-reported outcomes after cyanoacrylate closure (CAC) of superficial truncal veins in routine practice, with limb- and vein-level analyses. Methods Single-center, retrospective cohort study of adults previously treated with CAC of the great saphenous vein (GSV), small saphenous vein (SSV), anterior saphenous vein (ASV), or posterior accessory saphenous vein (PASV), with standardized follow-up assessments. Eligible patients were invited for standardized follow-up including duplex ultrasound (DUS), CEAP class, revised Venous Clinical Severity Score (rVCSS), EuroQol 5-dimension survey (EQ-5D), and Aberdeen Varicose Vein Questionnaire (AVVQ). The primary endpoint was complete closure of the primary target vein (PTV) on DUS, defined as no ≥5-cm contiguous patency within the treated segment. Secondary endpoints included vein-level patency, new clinically significant varicose veins, adverse events (AEs), and satisfaction with symptoms and cosmetic appearance. Analyses accounted for clustering of veins/limbs within patients using generalized estimating equations. Results The study enrolled 89 patients (76.4% female; median age 53 years) representing 110 limbs and 156 treated veins. Median time from treatment to follow-up was 3.7 years. PTV complete closure at the limb level was 97.3% (107/110; 95% CI, 91.9–99.1). At follow-up, patency in any treated vein was present in 10.9% of limbs and 7.7% of veins. At follow-up, rVCSS decreased from 6 [IQR 4–8] to 1 [0–2] (mean change −4.5±2.5; p