A land management, biodiversity preservation, and climate change mitigation analysis in Brazil

This research aimed to evaluate Brazil's performance in achieving the goals and targets related to Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 13 (Climate Change) and SDG 15 (Life on Land), while systematically assessing how governmental actions align with the mitigation hierarchy (avoidance, minimization, restoration, offsetting, and enhancement). Based on a qualitative content analysis of scientific literature and official evaluation reports, this work contributes to the debate on climate change and biodiversity loss. The research identifies areas of progress and areas that still require attention from policymakers in this context. This study was developed with a qualitative approach and was structured in two stages, namely the scoping review and documentary research based on data retrieved the Institute of Applied Economic Research (IPEA), a foundation linked to the Brazilian Ministry of Planning and Budget. Documentary research identified reports evaluating Brazil's progress on SDG 13 and SDG 15, and document analysis revealed that Brazil has action plans with varying levels of achievement (fully achieved, partially achieved, and not achieved targets) related to biodiversity preservation, climate change mitigation, and sustainable development. Based on the Brazilian actions to mitigate impacts, it was possible to observe a hierarchy with a stronger emphasis on preservation (avoidance) compared to restoration actions, particularly in land management and biodiversity preservation. Furthermore, key points of progress and areas requiring attention from policymakers regarding this topic were also identified. In view of the need for progress in public policies focused on land management and on addressing climate change and biodiversity loss, this research advances the understanding of how integrated mitigation strategies can support the joint achievement of SDG 13 and SDG 15, offering a structured analytical framework to evaluate governmental performance and inform policy design.