Review of Tasmanian and international regulation and management of salmonid welfare in aquaculture

Salmonid aquaculture is one of the most profitable, technologically advanced, and fast-growing aquaculture industries globally. While Tasmania produces relatively small volumes, the industry is the most valuable seafood sector in Australia. Nevertheless, the industry faces significant challenges and has become subject to increasing public and governmental scrutiny. Over the years, this resulted in the introduction of dedicated regulatory frameworks governing aquaculture operations but with limited inclusion of fish welfare beyond the existing animal welfare legislation. Farmed fish welfare has rapidly become a major concern for the public and plays a major role in the social acceptance of the salmonid industry. The regulators have therefore been urged to either address gaps in or further enhance the frameworks governing fish welfare with direct application to farmed salmonids. The introduction and adoption of a dedicated fish welfare regulatory framework is inconsistent globally. While some countries have placed greater focus on fish welfare and introduced either government-led or -supported frameworks, others have prioritised industry-led arrangements which are not enforceable. This review aimed at identifying the existing legislation, regulations, and other arrangements that underpin salmonid welfare management in Tasmania and comparing those with relevant international counterparts. Overall, when it comes to salmonid aquaculture regulations, Tasmania is yet to achieve the same level of comprehensiveness seen in other major producing countries, but it is also well-positioned to make rapid improvements. The industry would benefit from further augmentation of the existing fish welfare regulatory framework which would lead to improved welfare outcomes and public perception. • Farmed fish welfare has rapidly become a major public concern. • Globally the introduction and adoption of a regulatory framework governing farmed salmonid welfare appear inconsistent. • Some countries have government-led or -supported frameworks, others prioritised non enforceable industry-led arrangements. • The Tasmanian industry would benefit from augmentation of its salmonid welfare regulatory framework.