Recent progress in Zn matrix composites for biomedical applications

Zn matrix composites (ZMCs) exhibit significant potential in biomedical applications due to their outstanding biocompatibility, degradation rates that can be precisely controlled, and mechanical properties that are amenable to fine-tuning as compared to Zn and Zn alloys. Recent studies have indicated that incorporating bio-ceramics or carbonaceous materials as reinforcements can markedly enhance the mechanical strength, ductility, and wear resistance of ZMCs, while enabling precise regulation of degradation rates. This paper aims at a comprehensive review of the recent progress in ZMCs for biomedical applications, including a summary of the critical performance requirements of biomedical materials, fabrication and composite structure design strategies, and properties of ZMCs. Additionally, this review discusses the influence of manufacturing methods, such as powder metallurgy and casting, on microstructural features and material performance. The potential applications of ZMCs in orthopedic implants, vascular stents, and other biomedical devices are also examined. Future research should focus on optimizing material properties, assessing long-term biocompatibility, and expanding their use in personalized medicine and regenerative therapies. • This review systematically summarizes recent advances in Zn matrix composites for biomedical applications. • The microstructure and in-vitro performance of ZMCs categorized by reinforcement type are comparatively analysed. • The influence of fabrication techniques on ZMC microstructure and properties is critically analyzed. • Promising research frontiers are outlined, including novel reinforcement design and AI-assisted development for ZMCs.