Suicidal ideation in the perinatal period: Characteristics, risk and protective factors in Spanish women with postpartum depression

BACKGROUND: Despite its serious consequences, there is still a limited body of literature on suicidal ideation during the perinatal period, particularly among women with postpartum depression. AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of suicidal ideation in women with postpartum depression, to identify associated risk and protective factors, and to explore moderating variables in the relationship between suicidal ideation and postpartum depression. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 91 Spanish postpartum women, recruited via social media and midwives. All participants scored ≥ 11 on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and had given birth within the past year. Suicidal ideation was assessed using item 10 of the EPDS. FINDINGS: 27.5 % of women with postpartum depression reported suicidal ideation. Number of children, postpartum depression and bonding difficulties with the baby were identified as explanatory factors for suicidal ideation. Furthermore, lack of emotional support from family, economic difficulties, anxiety symptoms during pregnancy and baby's irritable temperament were found to moderate the relationship between postpartum depression and suicidal ideation. CONCLUSION: These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of perinatal suicidal ideation and suggest potential screening and intervention strategies aimed at preventing its onset. Identifying both risk and protective factors is crucial for midwives and mental health professionals to support maternal well-being and prevent adverse psychological outcomes.