3D modeling and optimization of BaZrS3 and SrHfSe3 absorbers-based inorganic perovskite tandem solar cell

Tandem solar cells have reaped significant attention for their potential to surpass the efficiency limits of single-junction devices by utilizing multiple absorber layers with complementary bandgaps. Two potential absorber layers BaZrS 3 and SrHfSe 3 have been used in top and bottom sub-cell consecutively to design a three-dimensional (3D) tandem photonic device. In this study, the performance of tandem solar cells was analyzed using COMSOL Multiphysics. The influence of absorber thickness, doping level, and defect density on electrical performance, carrier generation, and recombination dynamics is systematically analyzed. The optimized device shows an open circuit voltage (V OC ) of 1.96 V, short-circuit current density (J SC ) of 22.11 mA/cm 2 , fill factor (FF) of 86.04%, and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 37.29%. The results provide insights into optimizing the layer configurations to achieve improved efficiency while highlighting the critical role of current matching and thermal mapping in tandem architectures. This simulation-based approach offers a pathway for guiding experimental efforts in the development of high-performance photovoltaic devices.