Effects of epoxy resin and thickness on effective properties of 1–3-type piezoelectric composites with three-layer polymer

In this study, 1-3-type piezoelectric composites with three-layer polymer were proposed‌. The influence of epoxy resin and thickness on the performance ‌of the piezoelectric composite was investigated‌ through integrated approaches, including finite element simulation, theoretical calculations, and experimental validation. First, finite element and theoretical models of the piezoelectric composite were established‌, revealing the variation laws of its performance parameters. Second, samples of the piezoelectric composite were fabricated‌ using the dice-and-fill technique and ‌subsequently tested‌. The validity of both the simulation and theoretical calculations was verified‌ by comparing ‌their‌ results with ‌the‌ experimental results. Experimental results ‌demonstrated‌ that the electromechanical coupling factor ‌remained‌ stable ‌within‌ the range of 0.66 ‌to‌ 0.67, and the acoustic impedance ‌was‌ also significantly reduced, ‌confirming‌ the superiority of the 1-3-type piezoelectric composites with three-layer polymer.