Interpersonal communication in clinical supervision: A qualitative study with nursing educators

To explore how communication is conceived and enacted by nursing supervising educators in clinical education and to identify processes, barriers and strategies influencing its effectiveness. Communication is a key component of effective clinical supervision, shaping learning, motivation and safety in nursing education; however, limited evidence addresses how supervising educators conceptualize and practice communication in clinical settings. Qualitative descriptive study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 23 supervising educators from Portugal. Data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis, drawing on Peplau’s Interpersonal Relations Theory, Proctor’s model of the three functions of supervision and the Person-Centered Practice Framework. Five interrelated categories characterized supervisory communication: core communication processes, pedagogical value, enabling conditions, barriers and optimization strategies. Across categories, communication operated as an integrated relational–functional–contextual process, requiring adaptability, reflection and mutual understanding. Communication is the central mechanism through which supervision promotes meaningful learning and professional development. Strengthening communicative competence among supervising educators may enhance feedback quality, student engagement and the overall learning environment in clinical placements. Institutional investment in communication training and supportive conditions is essential to sustain effective supervision and ensure person-centered educational practice. • Nursing supervisors see communication as the core of clinical supervision • Supervisory communication links relational, functional and contextual aspects • Time, workload and lack of privacy constrain meaningful supervisory dialogue • Supervisors use structured feedback and reflection to improve communication • Investing in communication skills can enhance person-centered clinical learning