Neurodevelopmental effects of early life stress: PFC and cognition

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 2026 Open access

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Authors: Lital Rachmany, Fabíula Francisca de Abreu, Victoria Walker, Olivia O’Neill, Derya Sargin, Cátia M. Teixeira
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2026.106663
Cited by: 2
References: 208

Abstract

Early life stress (ELS) exerts lasting effects on prefrontal cortex (PFC) development and function, contributing to cognitive and emotional vulnerabilities later in life. This review synthesizes findings from human studies and animal models showing that ELS disrupts PFC-dependent cognitive functions, including executive control, attention, working memory, and decision-making. We examine how ELS alters functional connectivity, neurotransmitter systems such as serotonin, GABA, and Dopamine, and hormonal signaling, particularly glucocorticoid regulation. Finally, we explore evidence for epigenetic mechanisms within the PFC that mediate the long-term impact of ELS on cognition and mental health.

Fields of Study & Subjects

Stress Responses and Cortisol Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior

Publication details

Journal / source
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Volume
186
Pages
106663–106663
Publication date
28 March 2026
Language
EN