Clinical trials of surgical neuromodulation therapies for epilepsy: Past, present & future
Abstract
Neuromodulation is expanding as an avenue of therapy for patients with either focal- or generalized-onset epilepsy. Current implantable surgical options include deep brain stimulation (DBS), responsive neurostimulation (RNS®; NeuroPace), vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) and, more recently, subscalp, transcranial stimulation (EASEE®). This review of the literature discusses the milestone clinical trials that have shaped our practice of surgical neuromodulation for epilepsy, summarizes ongoing clinical trials, and speculates on the future of clinical trials in this field.
Fields of Study & Subjects
Neurological disorders and treatments
Vagus Nerve Stimulation Research
Epilepsy research and treatment
Publication details
- Journal / source
- Neurotherapeutics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- e00935–e00935
- Publication date
- 29 May 2026
- Language
- EN