Thermal analysis and simulation of key parameters in target design for laboratory fusion systems

This research focuses on the simulation and design of solid deuterated targets for deuterium-deuterium (D-D) fusion systems. Using Monte Carlo simulation techniques with Geant4 version 11.0, the effects of various parameters—including target thickness, material type, incident deuteron energy, and cooling conditions—on neutron production yield were investigated. The design and simulation of key cooling parameters for the targets were conducted using COMSOL Multiphysics® software. Simulations were performed for a laboratory D-D fusion system operating at beam energies of 10 to 100 keV and beam currents of 1 to 10 mA. This study aims to improve target lifetime in experimental fusion systems and enhance neutron production rates. • Geant4 Monte Carlo simulations were used to model D–D neutron production in metal deuteride targets. • TiD 2 was identified as the most practical high-yield target among TiD 2 , ScD 2 , ErD 3 , MoD 0 . 6 , and ZrD 2 . • The optimal active-layer thickness increases with deuteron energy and is nearly independent of beam current in the neutronic model. • A thickness-scan algorithm was implemented to define using a plateau criterion in neutron yield. • COMSOL thermal analysis (600 W Gaussian heat load) quantified coolant-flow requirements to keep the target below 200 °C.