Impact of charge on traversable wormhole solutions and modified f(R, ϕ) gravity

In this paper, we investigate the traversable wormhole solutions in the presence of charge within the framework of f ( R, ϕ ) gravity, where R represents the Ricci scalar and ϕ denotes the scalar potential, respectively. We also consider the Karmarkar condition for the discussion of wormhole geometry. The obtained shape function satisfies all necessary Morris-Thorne criteria for traversability. We derive and graphically examine the physical characteristics, including energy density and pressure components, for a specific linear charge distribution. Our analysis confirms the violation of the null energy condition in the radial direction. The violation of these energy conditions indicates the presence of exotic matter, which is the main candidate for the existence of a wormhole. Under some sensible conditions, the analysis may give an assurance of the existence of wormhole geometries in the f ( R, ϕ ) theory of gravity. Furthermore, we investigate the stability of the wormhole through the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkov equation, namely the equilibrium condition. By comparing four distinct f ( R, ϕ ) models, we demonstrate the robustness of traversable wormhole solutions in this modified gravity setting and identify parameter ranges that minimize energy condition violations. The results affirm that f ( R, ϕ ) gravity, augmented by an electromagnetic field, can support stable, traversable wormhole geometries.