Targeted nanotechnology in bone cancer: Integrating stimuli responsive drug delivery and artificial intelligence for personalized therapy

Bone cancer, including the combination of primary bone tumors and bone metastases, remains a difficult condition to treat because of its intricate structural elements and resistance to standard treatment methods of chemotherapy and radiotherapy and surgical interventions. Nanotechnology-based strategies have appeared as an exciting new option because they help target drugs to specific areas while boosting treatment outcomes and minimizing side effects. This review delves into bone metastasis mechanisms while exploring bone microenvironment functions during tumor progression together with current developments in nanoplatform-based therapeutic strategies. Researchers have developed five main types of nanocarriers which include polymeric micelles, liposomes, dendrimers, metallic nanoparticles and mesoporous silica nanoparticles to improve drug solubility, bioavailability and tumor selectivity. Present-day research focuses on bone-targeted delivery systems that employ bisphosphonates together with antibodies as well as bone areas. In stimuli responsive bone cancer therapy benefits from artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning progress that enhances diagnostic accuracy and customizes treatment strategy and surgical execution. The field faces key limitations which include manufacturing large amounts of nanoparticles along with procurement of regulatory clearance and translation into medical practice. Future investigations need to address existing research barriers for creating advanced nanomedicine therapies which can suit individual patient needs in bone cancer treatment.