Techno analysis of hydrogen production by advanced tri-reforming of biogas

Tri-reforming of methane (TRM) is a promising route for syngas and hydrogen production, as it integrates steam reforming, dry reforming, and partial oxidation. This approach enables flue gas utilization, precise control of the H₂/CO ratio, and reduced energy consumption and emissions. This study presents a comprehensive technical analysis aimed at enhancing hydrogen production via TRM. The investigation focuses on reaction kinetics, catalyst performance, CO conversion, operating conditions, and process optimization strategies. Process simulations were conducted using ASPEN Plus V14, evaluating multiple scenarios including enhanced CH₄ and CO conversion and tail gas recycling. These scenarios were compared with a baseline TRM case and conventional steam methane reforming (SMR). The optimized TRM configuration, utilizing biogas with 68% CH₄, a methane conversion of 95%, a CO conversion of 90%, and a tail gas recycling ratio of 50%—achieved a hydrogen production rate of 12.10 kg/h. This represents an increase of approximately 165% compared to the baseline TRM case. In addition, the specific energy consumption decreased to 14.05 kWh/kg H₂ (a 28% reduction), while energy efficiency improved to 85.6% (an 11% increase). Overall, this study highlights the importance of advanced methodologies and enhanced operational strategies in enhancing sustainable hydrogen production from biogas, thereby improving energy efficiency, and supporting clean energy solutions.