Structural, morphological, magnetic, and electrical properties of ZrFe2-xNixO5 nanoparticles (x = 0–0.05) synthesized via sol-gel auto-combustion

The present work focuses on a detailed investigation into the structural, morphological, magnetic, impedance, and dielectric properties of Ni-doped Zr Fe 2 O 5 , synthesized via the sol-gel auto-combustion method. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements confirm the formation of a monoclinic crystal structure with the C2/c space group. Rietveld refinement analysis was carried out for all the samples and the lattice parameters. Morphological characterization using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals a non-uniform distribution of grains and distinct grain boundaries indicate both doping and the sol-gel auto-combustion process impacts on the material's structure. Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDAX) study verifies chemical composition of Zr Fe 2 O 5 and stoichiometric doping of nickel into Zr Fe 2 O 5 . Room temperature (300 K) magnetic hysteresis (M-H) loop reveals Ni-doped Zr Fe 2 O 5 are soft ferromagnetic in nature and retentivity, coercivity, remanent magnetization and low squareness ratio (S