Ether-based electrolytes for next-generation metal batteries: A nascent frontier in high-energy storage — A review

Utilizing ether-based electrolytes presents a viable approach for addressing the enduring challenges linked to lithium-metal batteries (LMBs), especially concerning solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) stabilization and enhancement. By employing a comprehensive methodology involving detailed analysis of SEI formation kinetics, strategic modifications to the anode, and customized electrolyte compositions, we can unlock improved stability, ionic conductivity, and overall superior performance of LMBs. Using in-situ characterization methodologies such as x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is critical for comprehending the complex interplay between electrolyte composition, SEI characteristics, and their consequent effects on the behavior of the full cell. The investigation into innovative surface pre-treatments and electrolyte additives, along with a thorough assessment of their interactions, facilitates the systematic design of SEI layers that enable efficient and reversible lithium cycling. Additionally, thoroughly examining ether-based electrolytes in full-cell configurations, incorporating varied cathode materials and operational parameters is imperative for confirming their long-term cycling stability, safety, efficient charge/discharge processes, and compatibility with high-voltage systems. By amalgamating these research avenues, substantial progress is envisaged in the advancement of next-generation lithium-metal batteries characterized by high energy density, prolonged lifespan, and enhanced safety, thus paving the way for their widespread integration in a myriad of applications spanning from portable electronics to electric automobiles and high charging/discharging energy storage systems. The ongoing exploration of ether-based electrolytes, in conjunction with innovative SEI engineering tactics, signifies a critical stride towards realizing the full potential of this promising energy storage technology.