Environmental safety and health concern associated with nanomedicine: Current challenges and regulatory perspective

Nanomedicine, which uses nanoscale materials for advancements in drug delivery, diagnostic imaging, regenerative medicine, and biosensing, has revolutionized medical practices. Their ability to interact with biological systems, their small size, and their strong surface reactivity: the growing usage of artificial nanomaterials raises serious concerns about human health and environmental safety despite their therapeutic benefits. The categorization of nanomaterials, mechanisms of nanotoxicity, organ-specific health consequences, environmental destiny, and ecotoxicological dangers related to nanomedicine are all rigorously examined in this review. Additionally included are life-cycle assessment techniques, regulatory obstacles, and the contribution of green nanotechnology to reducing environmental impact. For nanomedicine to advance safely, ethically, and sustainably, it is vital to comprehend the harmony between potential health and environmental dangers and therapeutic advantages.