Hydrothermal synthesis and multifunctional characterization of cobalt ferrite–rGO nanocomposites for theranostic applications

The development of multifunctional nanocomposites that integrate diagnostic and therapeutic features is vital for advancing modern theranostics. In this work, cobalt ferrite (CoFe₂O₄)–reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposites were synthesized using a hydrothermal method and extensively characterized. The hydrothermal approach ensured uniform nanoparticle dispersion on rGO sheets, reducing crystallite size from 42.54 nm to 14 nm and enhancing magnetic properties compared to conventional techniques. XRD confirmed spinel phase formation with reduced crystallinity, while Raman analysis revealed increased defect density and sp² domain disruption due to nanoparticle–graphene interactions. FTIR spectra validated GO reduction and composite formation, and SEM images demonstrated homogeneous nanoparticle distribution with minimized agglomeration. UV–Vis absorption confirmed successful reduction and composite integration. Magnetic hysteresis analysis showed decreased saturation magnetization and increased coercivity, attributed to anisotropy and interfacial spin disorder. These findings highlight the composite’s promise as a versatile nanoplatform for theranostic applications, combining MRI potential with drug delivery prospects, pending biomedical validation.