Greenhouse gas flux measurements in wetlands

Wetlands are among the greatest natural carbon sink and methane source environments on Earth. Hence, accurate knowledge of wetland greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes is critical for understanding global GHG balances and their dynamics. Our ability to understand present and future wetland GHG fluxes depends on systematic in situ flux data suitable for model validation. Such data, in turn, depend on the available flux measurement methods and their strengths, weaknesses, and availability based on cost and ease of use. In this Primer, we highlight the importance of measurement methods in advancing our knowledge on wetland GHG fluxes. Processes and concepts related to wetland GHG fluxes are introduced along with examples of established and emergent methods including their operating principles, benefits, and challenges. One aim is to inspire interest in developing our shared method toolbox to facilitate quantification and prediction of the GHG fluxes that will shape the future.