Educational value of a live porcine model in head and neck surgery: A face and content assessment

PURPOSE: Surgical training has evolved with the integration of simulation models to enhance skills and reduce complications during the learning process. This study aimed to evaluate the face and content validity of a live porcine model for head and neck surgery training, focusing on tracheotomy, neck dissection, and total laryngectomy. METHODS: A questionnaire was distributed to experienced otolaryngologists familiar with the porcine model and to residents who had trained with it. Using Likert-type scales, the survey assessed realism, anatomical accuracy, and perceived utility corresponding to face and content validity. Data were analyzed using ordinal categorical methods, reporting distributions, medians, and interquartile ranges. RESULTS: The model received high acceptance from both surgeons and residents, who highlighted its ability to replicate real surgical conditions. Median scores ranged from 3.5 to 5. Internal consistency was strong, some anatomical limitations were noted, particularly regarding the thyroid gland. All participants agreed that the model improved surgical competencies. Although external validity was not evaluated, the need for future studies assessing skill transfer to real-life surgical settings was identified. CONCLUSION: The live porcine model proved a valuable tool for training in head and neck surgery. However, further studies are needed to establish its external validity. Surgical simulation; Head and neck surgery; Porcine model; Medical education; Face and content validity.