Effects of diffusion on the tumour regression in exposure to the non-ionizing electromagnetic waves

This study investigates the evolution of various cell types in a tumor-bearing host exposed to specific electromagnetic waves. The proposed system models these interactions by incorporating immune and tumor cells, as well as two primary types of cytokines, interleukin-2 (IL-2) and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), which serve as effector cells. The stability and qualitative behavior of the system are analyzed under two different parameter settings. A diffusion process is assumed for all participating cells, and stability conditions are examined in further detail through bifurcation analysis. Additionally, the effects of varying diffusion coefficients are considered in detail, revealing that the diffusivity among tumor cells exerts the most significant influence on tumor cell regression compared to other diffusion coefficients. Finally, sensitivity analysis is employed to identify the key biological parameters that play a crucial role in the dynamics of the system. The results align with biological interpretations, thereby further validating the model’s relevance.