Statistical properties of the rooted-tree encoding of N

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Authors: Pierluigi Contucci, Claudio Giberti, Godwin Osabutey, Cecilia Vernia
Cited by: 0
References: 24

Abstract

We prime-encode the natural numbers via recursive factorisation, iterated to the exponents, generating a corpus of planar rooted trees equivalently represented as Dyck words. This forms a deterministic text endowed with internal rules. Statistical analysis of the corpus reveals that the dictionary and the entropy grow sublinearly, compression shows non–monotonic trend, and the rank–frequency curves assume a stable parabolic form deviating from Zipf’s law. Correlation analysis using mean-squared displacement reveals a transition from normal diffusion to superdiffusion in the associated walk. These findings characterise the tree-encoded sequence as a statistically structured text with long–range correlations grounded in its generative arithmetic law, providing an empirical basis for subsequent theoretical investigations and empirical ones with large language models.

Fields of Study & Subjects

Algorithms and Data Compression Fractal and DNA sequence analysis Statistical Mechanics and Entropy

Publication details

Journal / source
Physica A Statistical Mechanics and its Applications
Volume
686
Pages
131361–131361
Publication date
4 February 2026
Language
EN