Thermal and flow characteristics of ternary hybrid nanofluids in a rotating magnetohydrodynamic channel

This paper investigates the flow and heat transfer of ethylene glycol-based nanofluids, dual hybrid nanofluids, and ternary hybrid nanofluids in a rotating channel under the influence of a magnetic field. The nanofluids are composed of nanoparticles of alumina, iron oxide, and zirconium oxide. The study incorporates the effects of rotation, suction or injection, heat generation, and thermal radiation. The governing highly nonlinear partial differential equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations using similarity variables and solved numerically with the Chebyshev Collocation Method in MATHEMATICA 11.3. Results show that suction increases temperature and velocity, whereas magnetic effects reduce velocities while enhancing temperature distribution. The ternary hybrid nanofluid demonstrates superior thermal performance compared to the dual hybrid nanofluid and the single-component nanofluid, highlighting its potential for efficient thermal management in rotating magneto-hydrodynamic systems.