Knowledge, design and execution in archaeological sites: The Insula Meridionalis in Pompeii

The design of conservation works in archaeological areas requires a methodological approach that involves knowledge of the materials, construction details, and structural degradation that influence the overall behavior of the cultural heritage. However, it is often not possible to acquire a complete and exhaustive knowledge during the design phase; in particular, excavations can reveal new structures that may be affected by static and seismic vulnerabilities, which may lead to local interventions that should be of minimal impact yet effective for the safety of the archaeological structures. In adherence to the principle of minimum intervention and maximum reversibility, the design approach for consolidating archaeological structures could be almost "artisanal", highly targeted and effective, seeking solutions that are simultaneously minimally invasive yet innovative. To propose “best practices” that can serve as a guide, since no specific code of seismic regulations is currently available within the field of archaeology, we present a case study: The Insula Meridionalis in Pompeii. The restoration project for the Insula Meridionalis in Pompeii comprises a series of local interventions deemed necessary to guarantee the static and seismic safety of this vast architectural and urban complex. Improvement is achieved through structural and architectural interventions that do not alter the historical value of the buildings and strike a proper balance between safety, protection, conservation, and public access to such a complex site, composed of structures as well as intangible elements, flora, and fauna. A critical analysis of the intervention results will highlight the effectiveness of the conceptual methodological approach for addressing this complex urban site with targeted solutions that require expert and multidisciplinary skills to support on-site decisions.