Integration of Renewable Energy for Carbon-Neutral Fish Cold Storage: A Sustainable Approach Leveraging Solar, Wind, and Tidal Resources in Coastal Systems

The preservation of perishable foods, particularly fish, relies on cold storage systems that maintain optimal temperature and humidity across the supply chain. Conventional facilities often face challenges due to high energy demand, operational costs, and carbon emissions. This study examines a cold storage solution in Tarrafal, Santiago, Cape Verde, utilizing renewable energy sources such as wind, solar, and tidal power. Four configurations are analyzed for energy efficiency, economic feasibility, and environmental impact. Solution A employs R134a refrigeration powered by the grid, while Solution B uses a transcritical CO 2 system, also grid powered. Solution C integrates CO 2 refrigeration with renewable energy, and Solution D enhances this with seawater heat exchange. Results show Solution D reduces carbon emissions by 90% (15,880 kg CO 2 eq annually) and achieves a return on investment within five years. Solution C, though costlier initially, also contributes to long-term sustainability, cutting emissions by over 600,000 kg CO 2 compared to grid-powered systems. These findings highlight the potential of renewable energy integration in coastal cold storage, supporting sustainable energy use and environmental preservation.