Treatable traits in children with bronchiectasis

Bronchiectasis in children is a heterogeneous, chronic respiratory condition for which standardised, evidence-based management is essential. While international guidelines have improved diagnostic and therapeutic consistency, the treatable traits (TT) approach offers a complementary precision-medicine framework aimed at identifying all clinically relevant, measurable, and modifiable factors in individual patients. Through a comprehensive literature review, we identified 40 potential TT in paediatric bronchiectasis, spanning aetiological, pulmonary, extrapulmonary, and behavioural/environmental domains. However, the level of evidence supporting many TT remains limited in children, with most data extrapolated from adults or other respiratory diseases. This framework should therefore be considered dynamic, guiding systematic assessment while emphasising the urgent need for paediatric-specific clinical trials.