Genome-resolved analysis reveals successional dynamics and functional transitions in chicken gut archaea across the broiler growth cycle

Archaea are indispensable members of the gut microbiota, playing important roles in host metabolism and gut homeostasis. Despite their ecological significance, the archaeal community within the chicken gut remains poorly understood, particularly regarding its taxonomic diversity, functional potential, and successional dynamics throughout the broiler growth cycle. In this study, we employed a metagenome-assembled genome (MAG) approach to systematically characterize the composition, phylogeny, and functional shifts of the chicken gut archaea. We constructed a genome catalog comprising 172 non-redundant archaeal MAGs, encompassing 11,796 protein clusters. Community analysis revealed that alpha diversity indices differed significantly across growth stages, suggesting that the archaeal community becomes increasingly robust and functionally complex as the host matures. Functional annotation further demonstrated broad metabolic versatility, with distinct metabolic profiles emerging across multiple functional modules at different ages. This study reveals the dynamics of chicken gut archaeal communities and their potential functional characteristics across different production stages, providing a basis for future research into their ecological roles and possible associations with host gut ecosystem stability.