Success factors in prevention activities and training intervention against workplace violence in healthcare: A systematic review

Objectives: Workplace violence (WPV) against healthcare workers (HCWs) represents a significant occupational hazard and is a widespread issue globally. WPV is linked to decreased job satisfaction, commitment, and efficiency among healthcare workers, leading to a poorer quality of life. This review aims to identify and evaluate effective strategies for the prevention and intervention against workplace violence in the healthcare sector. Study design: Systematic review. Methods: The review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. A comprehensive literature search was carried out in Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus databases, focusing on studies published in the last four years. The selection process followed predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria based on the PICOS framework. Results: Out of 442 initially identified studies, eight met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The findings indicate that training programs incorporating simulations and behavioral economics principles significantly improve healthcare workers' ability to manage aggression. The use of validated assessment tools to identify risks of violence and the implementation of effective organizational policies have proven essential in reducing the incidence of aggression, thus enhancing the safety and capability of staff. Conclusions: An integrated approach combining advanced training, organizational support, and preventive policies is essential to foster a safer work environment and protect HCWs' well-being. Additional research is necessary to reinforce existing evidence and explore innovative interventions.