Comprehensive antidiabetic potential of Myrmecodia rumphii Becc.: Phytochemical profiling, in silico, in vitro, and in vivo investigations

This research, continuing our roadmap on Indonesian medicinal plants, provides the first comprehensive investigation that combines UHPLC-HRMS profiling , in vitro , in vivo , and in silico analyses of Myrmecodia rumphii Becc. for its potential as an antidiabetic agent. Phytochemical analysis was carried out using UHPLC-HRMS mass spectrometry, which indicated the presence of various classes of compounds including anthraquinone, naphthoquinone, coumarine, flavonoid, steroid, terpenoid, xanthone, fatty acid, and fatty amide. The extracts of M. rumphii were further evaluated for total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant activity using DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays, α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, and cytotoxicity. The semi – polar and polar extracts showed high phenolic and flavonoid contents, and exhibited strong antioxidant activity, good α-glucosidase inhibitory properties, and weak cytoxicity against the MCF-7 cancer cell line. Oral administration of the ethanolic extract (200 mg kg −1 ) to stz-induced diabetic rats significantly reduced blood glucose levels up to 73.03% and increased body weight by about 7.54%. Furthermore, the in-silico study showed that emodin, rhein, (−)fustin, galangin, diosmetin, and chrysin have stronger binding affinity than acarbose with α-glucosidase protein receptor (PDB ID: 5zcb ). Taken together, our findings indicate that Myrmecodia rumphii Becc. is a source of prospective antidiabetic constituents.