Costs and consequences of cardiovascular toxicity due to Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors in chronic lymphocytic leukemia

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Authors: Débora Cristina Mendes Figueira, João Costa, Manuela Fiúza, Andreia Magalhães, Mariana Sousa Paiva, Mariana Saraiva, Pedro Gonçalves-Teixeira, Margarida Borges
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References: 33

Abstract

Introdução e objetivos: Os inibidores da BTK (BTKis) transformaram o tratamento da leucemia linfocítica crónica (LLC); contudo, estão associados a um aumento da toxicidade cardiovascular. Este estudo teve como objetivo estimar os custos e consequências dessa toxicidade em doentes com LLC tratados com diferentes BTKis em Portugal. Métodos: A análise baseou-se em dados da literatura sobre a incidência de eventos adversos como hemorragias, fibrilhação auricular (FA) de novo e hipertensão associados aos BTKis. Os custos médicos diretos, incluindo diagnóstico, monitorização e tratamento, foram calculados para um período de um ano, sob a perspetiva dos pagadores. Os custos de internamento foram obtidos a partir da Base de Dados de Morbidade Hospitalar Portuguesa, enquanto os custos ambulatórios foram estimados por um painel de peritos. Resultados: Por cada 100 doentes com LLC tratados com BTKis, a incidência de hemorragia variou entre 38,0 (acalabrutinib) e 70,3 (zanubrutinib); FA entre 5,4 (zanubrutinib) e 14,9 (ibrutinib); e hipertensão entre 6,6 (acalabrutinib) a 36,7 (zanubrutinib). A incidência de eventos relacionados com FA (acidente vascular cerebral e insuficiência cardíaca) foi superior nos doentes tratados com ibrutinib, enquanto os eventos relacionados com hipertensão (angina, enfarte do miocárdio, insuficiência cardíaca e doença arterial periférica) foram mais frequentes com zanubrutinib. Os custos totais por 100 doentes tratados no primeiro ano foram de 38.803,10 euro (acalabrutinib), 82.683,61 euro (zanubrutinib) e 86.084,56 euro (ibrutinib), com reduções nos anos seguintes de 47%, 43% e 39%, respetivamente. Conclusão: A toxicidade cardiovascular dos BTKis representa uma carga clínica e económica significativa nos doentes com LLC, sendo que ibrutinib apresenta o maior impacto. Introduction and Objectives: BTK inhibitors (BTKis) have revolutionized the treatment landscape of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). However, a higher risk of cardiovascular toxicity is reported among CLL patients treated with BTKis. This study aims to estimate the costs and consequences of cardiovascular toxicity associated with the different BTKis used for CLL treatment in Portugal. Methods: The incidence rates and health-related outcomes consequences among CLL patients, including bleeding events, de novo atrial fibrillation (AF) and hypertension were retrieved from the literature for the different BTKis. Direct medical costs (payers' perspective) associated with diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of cardiovascular toxicity were calculated for one year. Inpatient costs were derived from the Portuguese Hospital Morbidity Database. Outpatient costs were estimated from an expert panel. Results: Incidence rates per 100 CLL BTKis-treated patients ranged from 38.0 (acalabrutinib) to 70.3 (zanubrutinib) for bleeding, from 5.4 (zanubrutinib) to 14.9 (ibrutinib) for AF, and from 6.6 (acalabrutinib) to 36.7 (zanubrutinib) for hypertension. Incidence rates of health outcomes related to AF (stroke and heart failure) were higher among ibrutinib-treated patients, whereas health outcomes related to hypertension (angina, myocardial infarction, heart failure and peripheral arterial disease) were higher among zanubrutinib-treated patients. Total costs per 100 CLL BTKis-treated patients over the first year were EUR 38803.10, EUR 82,683.61, and EUR 86,084.56 for acalabrutinib, zanubrutinib, and ibrutinib, respectively. In subsequent years, costs decreased by 47%, 43%, and 39%, respectively. Conclusion: The clinical and economic burden of cardiovascular toxicity associated with BTKis treatment among CLL patients is high, with ibrutinib showing the highest impact in comparison to the more selective BTKis.

Fields of Study & Subjects

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Research Health Systems Economic Evaluations Quality of Life Economic and Financial Impacts of Cancer

Publication details

Journal / source
Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia
Volume
45
Issue
3
Pages
135–141
Publication date
27 January 2026
Language
EN