Advancements in polymeric superhydrophobic nanocomposite coatings: From synthesis to industrial applications

Polymer-based superhydrophobic nanocomposite coatings can effectively repel water and possess additional functionalities, including self-healing, oil/water separation, enhanced energy efficiency and durability, depending on their design. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent developments of such coatings with their synthesis methods, properties, and industrial applications. We explore various fabrication techniques, such as sol-gel, dip coating, spray coating, and electrochemical deposition, and discuss how nanostructured materials enhance surface roughness and reduce surface energy. We highlight key performance attributes, including anti-corrosion, anti-icing, anti-fogging, self-cleaning, anti-fouling, and anti-scaling, and outline the remaining challenges related to mechanical durability, scalability, and environmental sustainability. This review aims to guide future research and industrial applications of superhydrophobic coatings by addressing current challenges and identifying potential opportunities, thereby paving the way for new applications in materials science and engineering.