Low-velocity, high-energy impact methodology for simulating overload responses during multilayer projectile penetration

Existing methods for simulating multilayer penetration overload responses inadequately address two critical requirements: high-amplitude overloads (≥12,000 g) and sub-2.5 ms time intervals for large specimens (diameter >30 mm). Therefore, this paper proposes a low-velocity high-energy (LVHE) impact methodology to simulate the multi-layer penetration overload characteristics as a projectile is driven through multilayered thin metal plates in the forward direction by a massive rotating beam. A plastic deformation-based energy threshold model was developed, which integrated local shear damage ( E ls ), petal-type plastic deformation ( E ld ), and global plate bending ( E gd ) components. The feasibility of using this method to simulate the penetration process was verified. Both finite element simulations and experimental results showed that the method obtained short-interval and high-amplitude overloads. Compared with existing methods, the overload amplitude and time intervals obtained by the LVHE method covered actual overload characteristics. These results have practical value for electromechanical product development and testing.