Analysis of the influence of the geometry of a ventilated facade subsystem on its stress–strain state and the coefficient of thermal nonuniformity

In the context of the global energy crisis, improving the energy efficiency of buildings is a priority. Suspended ventilated facade systems (SVFS) are among the most effective solutions for thermal retrofitting. However, their thermal performance is often reduced due to the high thermal conductivity of metallic fastening elements. An investigation aimed at optimizing the parameters of an SVFS was presented. This research addressed the problem of heat losses caused by thermal bridges formed at discrete attachment points of the facade subsystem, which is critical for the continental climate of Kazakhstan. The methodology was based on finite-element analyses. Five series of models were analyzed varying the bracket spacing and projection under the combination of static, wind, seismic and icing loads. Unlike conventional studies, this work focused on determining design limits ensuring maximum energy efficiency without compromising load-bearing capacity. This study resulted in the development of a “boundary optimization” methodology for the subsystem topology, which established a relationship between the density of steel fasteners and building thermal resistance. Strength assessment was performed with a limitation of 75% of yield strength. The increment in bracket spacing reduced the thermal nonuniformity coefficient. Even under maximum spacing and unfavorable load combinations, the safety margin remained sufficient for most regions of Kazakhstan. The study substantiated the feasibility of implementing “sparser” installation schemes, which enhanced the thermal resistance of building envelopes and reduced material consumption. Furthermore, this work lied in the development of design recommendations that enabled optimizing ventilated facade systems regarding climatic conditions.