Design and fabrication of a nano-composite epoxy resin-based dielectric resonator antenna using metasurfaces for X-band applications

• Designed and fabricated a novel dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) using epoxy resin with TiO₂ nanoparticles for X-band applications. • Integrated a metasurface to enhance the antenna's performance, achieving up to 9.74 dB gain. • Investigated the antenna's radiation patterns, impedance matching, and bandwidth for satellite communication systems. • The antenna operates efficiently within the 8.2-9.52 GHz range, ideal for satellite and wireless communication. • Achieved compact and low-cost fabrication with enhanced directivity and gain, outperforming conventional DRAs. In this paper, the design, fabrication, and analysis of a dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) based on epoxy resin containing TiO₂ nanoparticles with a dielectric constant of 2.8 and a dissipation tangent of 0.04 are investigated. This antenna operates in the frequency band of (8.2–9.52) GHz, and its performance was initially carefully analyzed using a network analyzer. The antenna was fabricated and tested with a Rogers 4003 substrate and an FR4 metasurface, both with a thickness of 0.8 mm and dimensions of)80×80(mm², to investigate its applicability in satellite communication systems. Subsequently, a metasurface was added to the DRA configuration, which improved its performance and increased the antenna gain by up to9.74 dB. The results of this paper show that the use of metasurfaces in optimizing the radiation patterns and performance of DRAs is one of the key innovations in antenna design for future wireless communication systems.