Industrial symbiosis in emerging countries: A study on economic, social and environmental business challenges

This article explores the economic, social, and environmental challenges of implementing the circular economy through industrial symbiosis (IS) in emerging countries. The study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how IS can support sustainability transitions in these contexts. To achieve this, a systematic literature review was conducted, analyzing recent research on IS practices and their applicability in emerging countries. Following the initial identification of articles, 47 studies were selected for inclusion in the systematic review. The review identifies trust-building, environmental commitment, and inter-firm collaboration as essential factors for the successful adoption of sustainable practices. It also reveals major obstacles, including social resistance, insufficient fiscal incentives, and limited awareness among stakeholders. From an economic perspective, the findings highlight the urgency of implementing supportive financial policies to stimulate business participation. Environmentally, the study underscores the importance of resource circularity and regulatory frameworks that promote responsible production. These insights have important theoretical and practical implications, suggesting that effective IS implementation requires integrated strategies that simultaneously address economic viability, social inclusion, and environmental resilience. The analysis contributes to current scholarship by clarifying how IS can be used as a tool for advancing sustainable development in emerging countries. Moreover, it offers practical guidance for policymakers, business leaders, and development agencies aiming to overcome existing barriers and align industrial practices with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).