Resources availability driven design (RADD) approach in circular architecture, engineering and construction using decommissioned materials

The Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) sector faces critical challenges in implementing circularity due to the geometric unpredictability of salvaged materials. This paper proposes the Resources Availability Driven Design (RADD) framework, a unified cyber-physical system composed of three modules: 1) the Material Reclamation System (MRS) for real-time 3D digitisation and "Material Passports"; 2) Structural Typological Optimisation and Assessment (STOA), which utilizes the Wave Function Collapse (WFC) algorithm to translate physical tectonic constraints into generative design rules; and 3) Extended Reality-Assisted Assembly (XRAA) for precision, non-expert construction. Validated through a case study using materials from London’s M&S flagship store and iterative prototyping, the framework successfully increased material utilisation and achieved algorithmic convergence across 2820 modules. RADD bridges material unpredictability with formal intelligence, offering a scalable, user-engaged model for sustainable architectural practice.