Techno-economic analysis of hybrid green hydrogen production: Integrating wind-powered electrolysis and biomass gasification on Sumba Island, Indonesia

• Integrating wind farms with biomass cultivation enhances renewable hydrogen production. • Biomass energy potential reaches up to 73,548 GWh/year on Sumba Island. • Optimal scenario achieves LCOH of 4.42 USD/kg with strong economic viability. • Hydrogen price and biomass costs critically influence project economics. • Biomass in wind farms cuts GHG emissions by boosting carbon capture and sinks. Competition for land use makes the development of renewable energy in Sumba Island, Indonesia, necessary, requiring an efficiently integrated energy system. The island has promising wind energy potential, among other energy resources. Therefore, this paper analyzed the integration of wind energy and biomass resource potential using Calliandra calothyrsus and Gliricidia sepium fast-growing tree feedstock, along with three gasifier configurations, and techno-economic analysis (TEA): fixed bed-air (FB-Air, Case 1), fixed bed-enriched air (FB-O2, Case 2), and dual fluidized bed-oxygen-steam (DFB-O2-Steam, Case 3). The spatial analysis results show that the biomass energy potential of Calliandra calothyrsus is about 11,810 GWh/year (145 MTOE), and that of Gliricidia sepium is around 20,784 GWh/year (255 MTOE). Technically, when Case 3 is applied, the highest hydrogen concentration of 46 vol% is produced with oxygen generated by a wind-powered electrolyzer. Further, it gives the best indicative economic performance with a net present value (NPV) of USD 25 million, an internal rate of return (IRR) of 156%, a payback period of 0.69 years, a levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of USD 0.13/kWh, and a levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH) of USD 4.42/kg. This research suggests that an integrated wind-biomass system could offer technical and economic potential for proper land allocation, while ensuring energy security and renewable energy utilization for future generations, particularly in underdeveloped island regions.