Integrating water pinch analysis and GIS for optimized industrial cluster water reuse: A case study of the port of Amsterdam

This study introduces an innovative integration of Water Pinch Analysis (WPA) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to optimize water reuse in industrial clusters, addressing both resource efficiency and spatial constraints. Using the Port of Amsterdam as a case study, the research analyzed 17 industrial facilities to identify water reuse opportunities and reduce freshwater dependency. Results indicate that maximum freshwater savings, reducing consumption from 79.2 m3/h to 10.3 m3/h would require the longest pipeline length of 40 km. However, scenarios with shorter pipeline, averaging 17.8 km with a median of 14.7 km, achieved less ambitious water savings, illustrating the trade-offs between infrastructure investments and water reuse efficiency. The findings emphasize the potential for scalable, spatially optimized water networks that balance environmental and economic goals. This integrated approach provides actionable insights for circular water management in eco-industrial parks and offers a pathway to addressing global water sustainability challenges.