Botanical, traditional uses, phytochemical and biological potential of Strobilanthes (Acanthaceae) – A review

The genus Strobilanthes is among the largest and evolutionarily ancient genera of the family Acanthaceae, comprising approximately 400–466 species distributed mainly in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia. Numerous species are traditionally used in indigenous medical systems for the treatment of various problems like inflammation, pain, infections, diabetes, and skin disorders, kidney disorders, febrile colds, influenza, particularly in India, China, and Southeast Asia. This review aims to systematically compile and critically evaluate the available information on the ethnopharmacological uses, phytochemical composition, and experimentally validated biological activities of Strobilanthes species, highlighting their therapeutic relevance and future perspectives. Relevant literature was collected from scientific databases, including peer-reviewed journals, ethnobotanical surveys, and pharmacological studies. Data related to taxonomy, traditional uses, phytochemistry, and biological activities of Strobilanthes species were analysed & summarised. Phytochemical investigations revealed that Strobilanthes species are rich in terpenoids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, glycosides, sterols, and alkaloids. These compounds are associated with traditional applications & diverse biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, and antidiabetic effects. Strobilanthes species represent an important ethnomedicinal resource with promising pharmacological potential. Further comprehensive studies focusing on safety, bioavailability, and mechanisms of action are required to facilitate the development of novel therapeutics from this genus.