Herbal approaches to hypertension and vascular health: Emerging roles of medicinal plants in blood pressure regulation

Hypertension, referred to as high blood pressure, stands as a principal worldwide health issue since it impacts many people and is linked to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Pharmaceutical drugs featuring ACE inhibitors, diuretics, and beta-blockers constitute the main treatments for hypertension, yet they frequently create unfavourable responses in patients. Research into herbal remedies for hypertension treatment has increased during recent years because their beneficial effects match well with their minimal side effects. The traditional medicinal systems utilize plants as treatment components for hypertension-related illnesses throughout a long historical period. Multiple studies have discovered bioactive compounds like flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, and phenolic acids in plants that help regulate blood pressure while causing vessel expansion, blocking the renin-angiotensin system, and performing antioxidant functions. The review analyzes how medicinal plants affect blood pressure control by examining supporting documentation for treatment success and describing operational mechanisms together with modern hypertension medicine integration potential. Hibiscus sabdariffa along with Allium sativum, Crataegus monogyna , and Camellia sinensis have yielded beneficial findings in both preclinical tests and clinical studies, thus showing potential as hypertension alternative treatments. Standardization, dosage management, and possible drug interactions between medicinal herbs and conventional medicine are covered in the review as major developmental challenges in herbal drug production. The research findings stress that scientists must conduct larger, well-designed clinical trials to validate the effectiveness of these herbal treatments.