Research progress and future prospects of perovskite tandem photovoltaics

Amid the global imperative for energy transition, perovskite tandem photovoltaics have emerged as a promising strategy to transcend the Shockley-Queisser (S-Q) limit of single-junction solar cells, having witnessed remarkable advances in recent years. This review comprehensively examines the progress in two predominant tandem configurations, perovskite/silicon and all-perovskite architectures. Key breakthroughs have been achieved through the synergistic passivation of bulk and interface defects in wide-bandgap (WBG) perovskites, the design of efficient interconnection layers (ICLs), and the optimization of narrow-bandgap (NBG) subcells. As a result, two-terminal (2 T) tandem solar cells (TSCs) have achieved significant breakthroughs in certified power conversion efficiencies (PCEs), with perovskite/silicon and all-perovskite architectures exceeding 34 % and 30 %, respectively, and demonstrating exceptional optoelectronic characteristics. Furthermore, advancements in large-area module fabrication, including homogeneous film deposition, defect suppression, and monolithic integration, have laid a strong foundation for scalable production. Despite the challenges related to long-term operational stability, large-area manufacturing uniformity, and cost-effective processing, the high efficiency potential and versatility of perovskite tandem technology are anticipated to play a pivotal role in future energy systems, driving the evolution of next-generation photovoltaics.