Control and scheduling of behind-the-meter battery energy storage systems for stacked grid and building services

This paper proposes and experimentally validates a two-stage scheduling and control strategy for a behind-the-meter battery energy storage system (BESS) delivering both local and grid services. Considered services are the maximization of PV self-consumption, peak-load reduction, and secondary frequency control (aFRR). The day-ahead stage allocates battery capacity across local and balancing services using a scenario based approach, reflecting potential remuneration from aFRR participation without committing to fixed power availability; in the real-time stage, BESS set-points are computed in a periodic fashion at a high time resolution based on updated information on balancing prices, net load realization and BESS state of charge. The strategy is experimentally validated on a building at the Energypolis Campus of HES-SO Valais (Sion, Switzerland), which exhibits a peak power demand of 300 kW and is equipped with a 264 kWh/140 kW lithium-ion BESS. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework in scheduling and actuating the provision of both behind-the-meter and front-of-the-meter services.