Ejercicio físico en el síndrome de ovario poliquístico: recomendaciones desde Atención Primaria

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most prevalent endocrine disorders among women of reproductive age. Scientific evidence, including international guidelines and systematic reviews, supports physical exercise as a first-line intervention: it improves insulin resistance and central adiposity, promotes ovulation, and decreases androgen levels, while also alleviating anxiety and depression and enhancing quality of life. Various modalities (moderate aerobic exercise, high-intensity interval training and resistance training; as adjuncts, yoga and Pilates) have demonstrated benefits, and current consensus recommends 150-300minutes per week of moderate-intensity or 75-150 of vigorous-intensity activity, plus two days of muscle-strengthening exercises. In this context, primary care physicians play a key role in early detection, individualized prescription, and behavioral support. The aim of this article is to synthesize the evidence and provide practical recommendations for incorporating exercise into the comprehensive management of PCOS.