Battery-free, wireless, and skin-mountable multi-sensory patch for biosignal monitoring

A wireless, wearable, battery-free multi-sensory system is essential for continuous, non-invasive real-time monitoring of multiple physiological parameters, enabling seamless, discreet healthcare. The main bottleneck in developing such systems lies in achieving low power consumption to enable battery-free operation, while maintaining reliable, high-frequency data acquisition and efficient wireless communication with a skin-impedance-matched antenna within a compact, wearable form factor. To overcome this, we integrate energy-harvesting technologies with high-precision multiple sensors and a flexible, skin-compatible antenna system into a single platform, enabling battery-free operation with efficient data transmission and reception. Our multi-sensory system experimentally demonstrates successful skin-mountable monitoring of ECG, SpO 2 , and temperature at a sampling rate of 70 Hz, with data wirelessly transmitted via Bluetooth Low Energy, all powered by a radio-frequency energy-harvesting antenna. Beyond personal health tracking, this technology also holds great potential for remote patient monitoring in chronic disease management, empowering healthcare providers with continuous access to real-time patient data for timely and uninterrupted data acquisition.