2D boron sheets/CeFe2O4·CeO2 composite supported on carbon cloth for the electrochemical detection of enrofloxacin

Enrofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, is a widely utilised veterinary pharmaceutical. Its presence in aquatic systems necessitates the development of rapid, sensitive, and portable analytical techniques. This study focuses on an electrochemical sensing system based on a composite consisting of CeFe 2 O 4 ·CeO 2 (CFO) and exfoliated boron sheets (B 2 ), fabricated on pre-treated carbon cloth (CC). The resulting CC/B 2 -CFO electrode was characterised by surface analytical techniques, and its electrochemical response for enrofloxacin detection was assessed with cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. Among the different compositions tested, the CC/B 2 -CFO with a B 2 :CFO mass ratio of 1:5 exhibited the highest response, yielding an oxidation current of 0.499 mA with excellent reproducibility (RSD = 0.462%) for a 100 μM concentration of enrofloxacin. The sensor demonstrated a linear range extending from 0.004 to 100 μM with a low detection limit of 3.87 nM. Strong anti-interference capabilities, satisfactory repeatability over eight successive measurements, and operational stability over ten days were achieved. Practical applicability was validated by determining enrofloxacin in tap water, canal and river water, and artificial urine, with recoveries ranging from 90.17% to 99.83%. These findings suggest that the CC/B 2 -CFO functions as an effective sensing platform for monitoring ENRO in complex environmental samples.