DendriX: A flexible, maintainable, and extendable platform to simulate 3D Li-dendrite growth in Li-ion batteries

We present DendriX, an open and extensible scientific software platform for two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) simulation of lithium dendrite growth governed by strongly coupled nonlinear multiphysics equations. DendriX integrates block-structured adaptive mesh refinement with flexible numerical solver strategies to improve computational efficiency. The software employs finite-volume discretization, supports both explicit and implicit time integration, and allows user-selectable solver configurations to balance accuracy, stability, and computational performance. Combined with hybrid MPI–OpenMP parallelization, DendriX enables scalable and efficient high-resolution 3D simulations and achieves improved computational efficiency compared with widely used commercial multiphysics software in representative benchmark cases. Beyond lithium dendrite growth, DendriX provides a maintainable and extendable framework applicable to a broad range of phase-field and multiphysics problems requiring adaptive resolution and high-performance computing.