Integration of virtual reality technology and deep learning in mathematics research and education: A creative bibliometric analysis

The development of virtual reality (VR) technology has provided many new opportunities in education, particularly in mathematics education. The integration of VR has sparked scientific interest in creating deep learning (DL) for students. This study focused on a bibliometric analysis of the integration of VR and DL in mathematics education between January 1, 2010, and March 1, 2025. From an initial identification of 237 articles, the application of stringent search criteria resulted in 171 articles for in-depth analysis. Article screening in this bibliometric analysis was based on inclusive and exclusive criteria. A systematic literature review analysis was conducted using the ScienceDirect and Scopus databases through the PRISMA method. The data was analyzed through a creative bibliometric analysis approach using Biblioshiny (version 4.2.2), RStudio (version 4.3.2), Microsoft Excel (Microsoft 365), and VOSViewer (version 1.6.20) tools. The results of the bibliometric analysis showed essential themes related to VR and DL, which presented a comprehensive view through tables, graphs, and maps. In addition, this study investigated key indicators related to the implications of VR and DL on mathematics education, article production, and citation rates. As seen from the results of this study, utilizing the virtual environment of VR and following the guidance of the DL model can be a practical solution in mathematics learning. This study provides significant methodological insights for researchers to advance studies on integrating VR and DL in mathematics education, supporting further research.