Integrating radiant thinking with chemical concept formation: a theoretical framework for mind mapping in specialized chemistry education

This paper presents a theoretical framework integrating radiant thinking principles with chemical concept formation through mind mapping in specialized chemistry education. As a theoretical synthesis, this work does not involve empirical data collection but rather integrates existing literature to address critical pedagogical challenges. The framework emerged from practical teaching experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ukrainian specialized chemistry schools, where hybrid learning conditions, laboratory access limitations, and learning disruptions necessitated innovative visualization strategies for complex chemical concepts. Drawing upon Buzan’s radiant thinking theory, Johnstone’s triplet (triangle) of chemical representations, and contemporary cognitive load theory, we propose a four-dimensional model encompassing: (1) conceptual radiance – hierarchical knowledge organization from central concepts to peripheral details; (2) representational integration – coordination of macroscopic, submicroscopic, and symbolic domains; (3) creative synthesis – divergent thinking within disciplinary constraints; and (4) metacognitive orchestration – self-regulatory learning processes. The framework’s application to oxygen-containing organic compounds demonstrates practical utility in addressing persistent conceptual difficulties, particularly the transition from hydrocarbon to functional group chemistry. Recent meta-analyses (2020-2025) provide empirical support for the framework’s components, with guided mind mapping interventions showing strong positive effects on chemistry achievement and conceptual understanding. The synergistic interactions among dimensions create emergent properties that transcend traditional instructional approaches, offering unique affordances for managing cognitive complexity while fostering creative scientific thinking. This theoretical contribution provides pedagogical guidance for chemistry educators facing similar challenges in specialized STEM education contexts globally.